Complete Guide to Thigh Muscle Anatomy: Learn Parts, Names & Diagram

📅 Published on March 4, 2024 | 🕒 Last updated on December 12, 2025

Overview of Thigh Anatomy

The thigh is the large part of your leg between your hip and knee. It is the upper leg. Inside, there is a big, strong bone called the femur.[13] It makes a ball-and-socket joint at your hip and a hinge joint at your knee.[13] Soccer players often have defined thigh muscles because they use them a lot. Thigh muscle anatomy is a combination of the 3 compartments.[1] Front Thigh Muscles help bend the hip and straighten the knee. They include the sartorius, quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius), and sometimes the articularis genus.[1] Back Thigh Muscles extend the hip and bend the knee. Inner Thigh Muscles bring the thigh toward the body’s center, known as adduction.[1]

In this article, we will examine the anatomy of the thigh, including its different parts and functions, to get detailed information about the thigh.

Parts of Thigh Diagram

Thigh Muscle Anatomy

Anterior Thigh Muscle Anatomy

Sartorius

The sartorius muscle is the body’s longest. It goes from the hip to the knee, like a long strap. It starts at the front upper part of the hip bone and goes diagonally to the inner side of the upper shin.[2]

Its main jobs are bending the knee, lifting the thigh, moving the leg sideways, and turning the thigh outward. It gets signals from the femoral nerve and blood from the femoral artery.[2]

The name “sartorius” comes from the Latin for “tailor” because it relates to the leg position when sewing.[2]

Rectus Femoris

The rectus femoris is a significant thigh muscle in the quadriceps group. Unlike other quadriceps muscles, it is attached to the hip and knee joints. It is known as the “kicking muscle” because it allows the knee to extend forcefully, similar to soccer kicks.[3]

It begins at the front of the hip bone and ends at the kneecap and shin bone. The femoral nerve regulates it.[3]

Squats and lunges, with or without weights, will help strengthen it. These workouts are particularly helpful in targeting the rectus femoris.[3]

Vastus Medicalis

The vastus medialis (VM) is a thigh muscle that helps straighten the knee and keep the kneecap steady. It is part of a group of four muscles called the quadriceps femoris.[4]

The VM has two parts, the upper Vastus Medialis Longus (VML) and the lower Vastus Medialis Obliquus (VMO), each with its job in knee movement.[4]

For blood, the VM gets nourishment from the femoral artery, deep femoral artery, and a branch of the popliteal artery.[4]

Nerve signals come from lower femoral nerve roots and higher lumbar spinal segments, ensuring the muscle works smoothly with the central nervous system.[4]

Vastus Lateralis

The vastus lateralis (VL) is the largest of the four quadriceps muscles in the front part of the thigh. It works with other thigh muscles to help straighten the knee. It is positioned on the thigh’s outer side and connects the thigh bone to the kneecap.[5]

The VL is vital for extending the knee, aiding in movement, building strength, and keeping the hip and knee joints stable. It starts from the hip and thigh bones, attaching to the kneecap through the quadriceps tendon.[5]

The femoral nerve (L2 – L4) controls the VL, and a lack of proper warm-up before activity can lead to tears.[5]

Understanding the basics of the vastus lateralis sheds light on its crucial role in supporting movement, strength, and joint stability, making it essential in musculoskeletal physiology.[5]

Vastus Intermedius

The vastus intermedius is a muscle in your thigh, part of the quadriceps muscle group. It sits beneath the rectus femoris, between the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles. This muscle helps to straighten your knee.[1]

It is shaped like a thick, long piece and attaches to the upper two-thirds of your thigh bone and the tissues around it. It connects to your kneecap through the quadriceps tendon.[1]

The vastus intermedius gets signals from the femoral nerve to work and blood supply from specific arteries in the thigh.[1]

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Thigh Muscles Anatomy

Anterior Thigh Muscles

Start the Quiz on the Anterior Thigh Muscles Anatomy.

1 / 41

1.

Which muscle’s activation helps stabilize the patella medially during knee extension?

1. Vastus lateralis

2. Rectus femoris

3. Sartorius

4. Vastus medialis oblique

2 / 41

2.

Which of the following best describes the action of the vastus intermedius?

1. Flexes the knee

2. Flexes the hip

3. Rotates the thigh laterally

4. Extends the knee

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3.

What is the most common cause of anterior thigh pain in athletes?

1. Adductor tendinitis

2. Hamstring tea

3. Quadriceps strain

4. IT band syndrome

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4.

What is the main action of the rectus femoris muscle?

1. Rotates the leg outward

2. Adducts the thigh

3. Extends the knee and flexes the hip

4. Flexes the trunk

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5.

What is the insertion point of the quadriceps femoris group?

1. Head of fibula

2. Lesser trochanter of femur

3. Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon

4. Iliac crest

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6.

Which anterior thigh muscle originates partly from the linea aspera of the femur?

1. Sartorius

2. Rectus femoris

3. Vastus medialis

4. Vastus lateralis

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7.

Which anterior thigh muscle assists in maintaining posture when standing?

1. Vastus medialis

2. Vastus intermedius

3. Rectus femoris

4. Vastus lateralis

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8.

Which muscle lies deep to the rectus femoris?

1. Vastus intermedius

2. Sartorius

3. Vastus medialis

4. Vastus lateralis

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9.

Which nerve root levels contribute to femoral nerve innervation of the quadriceps?

1. L2–L4

2. L1–L2

3. L4–S1

4. L5–S2

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10.

What is a common symptom of a quadriceps tendon tear?

1. Numbness in the toes

2. Swelling in the calf

3. Inability to extend the knee

4. Hip pain

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11.

What is the primary blood supply for the quadriceps muscles?

1. Femoral artery

2. Obturator artery

3. Popliteal artery

4. Deep femoral artery

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12.

Which muscle forms the lateral border of the femoral triangle?

1. Sartorius

2. Vastus lateralis

3. Adductor longus

4. Vastus medialis

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13.

Which of these muscles is most active when kicking a soccer ball?

1. Gracilis

2. Vastus medialis

3. Pectineus

4. Rectus femoris

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14.

What is the common tendon of insertion for the quadriceps group?

1. Adductor tendon

2. Quadriceps tendon

3. Pes anserinus tendon

4. Iliotibial band

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15.

Which muscle’s weakness can cause the knee to buckle during walking?

1. Adductor longus

2. Rectus femoris

3. Sartorius

4. Vastus medialis

16 / 41

16.

Which muscle helps stabilize the pelvis during standing on one leg?

1. Rectus femoris

2. Vastus medialis

3. Sartorius

4. Vastus lateralis

17 / 41

17.

Which of the following is NOT part of the quadriceps group?

1. Tensor fasciae latae

2. Vastus intermedius

3. Vastus lateralis

4. Vastus medialis

18 / 41

18.

Which of the following is NOT an action of the sartorius muscle?

1. Knee flexion

2. Hip internal rotation

3. Hip flexion

4. Hip abduction

19 / 41

19.

Which muscle’s tightness can contribute to anterior pelvic tilt?

1. Sartorius

2. Vastus lateralis

3. Rectus femoris

4. Vastus medialis

20 / 41

20.

Which quadriceps muscle is positioned most laterally?

1. Vastus medialis

2. Vastus lateralis

3. Rectus femoris

4. Vastus intermedius

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21.

Which muscle assists the iliopsoas in flexing the hip joint?

1. Vastus medialis

2. Vastus lateralis

3. Rectus femoris

4. Sartorius

22 / 41

22. Which exercise primarily strengthens the quadriceps muscles?

1. Leg extensions

2. Hamstring curls

3. Hip bridges

4. Calf raises

23 / 41

23.

Which anterior thigh muscle crosses both the hip and knee joints?

1. Rectus femoris

2. Vastus lateralis

3. Vastus medialis

4. Vastus intermedius

24 / 41

24.

Which of the following muscles is part of the quadriceps femoris group?

1. Rectus femoris

2. Sartorius

3. Biceps femoris

4. Gracilis

25 / 41

25.

What is the clinical test used to assess quadriceps flexibility?

1. Ober’s test

2. Thomas test

3. Trendelenburg test

4. Lachman test

26 / 41

26.

Which group of muscles primarily extends the knee joint?

1. Quadriceps femoris

2. Adductors

3. Hamstrings

4. Gluteals

27 / 41

27.

Which muscle is primarily engaged when climbing stairs?

1. Rectus femoris

2. Sartorius

3. Vastus lateralis

4. Vastus medialis

28 / 41

28.

Which anterior thigh muscle is most superficial?

1. Vastus medialis

2. Rectus femoris

3. Vastus lateralis

4. Vastus intermedius

29 / 41

29.

Which anterior thigh muscle helps maintain upright posture when standing from a seated position?

1. Vastus medialis

2. Rectus femoris

3. Vastus intermedius

4. Vastus lateralis

30 / 41

30.

Which muscle is the longest in the human body and runs across the anterior thigh?

1. Pectineus

2. Rectus femoris

3. Vastus medialis

4. Sartorius

31 / 41

31.

Which muscle helps flex both the hip and the knee joints?

1. Vastus lateralis

2. Vastus intermedius

3. Sartorius

4. Adductor longus

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32.

Which muscle is often targeted in physical therapy for patellofemoral pain syndrome?

1. Vastus medialis (VMO)

2. Vastus lateralis

3. Rectus femoris

4. Sartorius

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33.

Which muscle helps you cross your legs while sitting?

1. Sartorius

2. Vastus medialis

3. Adductor longus

4. Rectus femoris

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34.

Which movement is primarily performed by the quadriceps during squats?

1. Knee extension

2. Knee flexion

3. Hip abduction

4. Hip adduction

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35.

Which nerve innervates the quadriceps femoris group?

1. Sciatic nerve

2. Femoral nerve

3. Tibial nerve

4. Obturator nerve

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36.

Which muscles make up the hamstring group?

1. Vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius

2. Gluteus maximus, minimus, medius

3. Rectus femoris, sartorius, gracilis

4. Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

37 / 41

37.

Which muscle originates from the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)?

1. Sartorius

2. Pectineus

3. Vastus intermedius

4. Rectus femoris

38 / 41

38.

Which muscle is most commonly involved in a “quad strain”?

1. Sartorius

2. Vastus intermedius

3. Rectus femoris

4. Vastus medialis

39 / 41

39.

Which part of the quadriceps group is located deep to the rectus femoris?

1. Vastus intermedius

2. Vastus lateralis

3. Sartorius

4. Vastus medialis

40 / 41

40.

Which muscle contributes most to the “teardrop” shape above the knee?

1. Rectus femoris

2. Vastus medialis

3. Vastus lateralis

4. Sartorius

41 / 41

41.

Which anterior thigh muscle stabilizes the patella during knee extension?

1. Vastus lateralis

2. Vastus medialis

3. Sartorius

4. Tensor fasciae latae

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Posterior Thigh Muscle Anatomy

Biceps Femoris

The Biceps Femoris is a muscle at the rear of your thigh that belongs to the hamstring group. It helps you bend your knees and expand your hips. It comprises two parts, the long and short heads, which emerge from the pelvis.[6]

The long head travels around the rear of your leg, traversing both the hip and knee joints before connecting to the fibula’s head. The short head begins on the femur and continues to the fibula head.[6]

Its principal duties are to bend the knee (pull your heel towards your buttocks) and stretch the hip (push your thigh rearward).[6]

This muscle is necessary for running and jumping, and it helps stabilize your knee throughout various actions.[6]

Semimembranosus

The semimembranosus is a hamstring muscle found on the back of the thighs. It is positioned on the inner side, beneath the semitendinosus. Its key actions include bending the knee, straightening the hip, and turning the thigh and knee inward.[6]

It originates from the ischial tuberosity and continues to the shinbone’s inner part. The profound femoris artery supplies blood to the sciatic nerve, which governs movement.[6]

It works with the other hamstrings to stabilize the knee during running and leaping. Strengthening these muscles is essential for avoiding injuries and improving sports performance.[6]

Semitendinosus

The semitendinosus is a muscle in the back of your thigh, along with the biceps femoris and semimembranosus. It helps with bending your knee, straightening your hip, and rotating your thigh and tibia (shin). It also helps to prevent over-bending at the hips.[7]

The semitendinosus starts from the bottom of your pelvis and connects to the inside of your tibia bone (shinbone). The tibial nerve tells it what to do, along with the other muscles in the hamstring.[7]

Athletes often get injured in this muscle, especially when they run fast or make sudden movements.[7]

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Thigh Muscles Anatomy

Posterior Thigh Muscles

Start the Quiz on the Posterior Thigh Muscles Anatomy.

1 / 40

1.

Which hamstring assists in internal rotation of the tibia when knee is flexed?

1. Semimembranosus

2. Rectus femoris

3. Biceps femoris

4. Adductor longus

2 / 40

2.

Which muscle’s tightness limits hip flexion?

1. Biceps femoris

2. Adductor brevis

3. Rectus femoris

4. Gluteus minimus

3 / 40

3.

Pain in the buttock radiating down the thigh is commonly due to irritation of which structure?

1. Sciatic nerve

2. Peroneal nerve

3. Femoral nerve

4. Obturator nerve

4 / 40

4.

Which hamstring muscle inserts on the head of the fibula?

1. Biceps femoris

2. Semimembranosus

3. Semitendinosus

4. Gracilis

5 / 40

5.

Which hamstring muscle is located most medially?

1. Semitendinosus

2. Biceps femoris

3. Adductor magnus

4. Semimembranosus

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6.

What is the main antagonist to the hamstring group?

1. Quadriceps femoris

2. Gluteus maximus

3. Iliopsoas

4. Adductor group

7 / 40

7.

Which hamstring muscle helps laterally rotate the leg when the knee is flexed?

1. Gracilis

2. Semitendinosus

3. Semimembranosus

4. Biceps femoris

8 / 40

8.

Which portion of adductor magnus acts like a hamstring?

1. Gracilis portion

2. Adductor part

3. Pectineal part

4. Ischiocondylar (part)

9 / 40

9.

Which muscle assists gluteus maximus in hip extension during running?

1. Tensor fasciae latae

2. Rectus femoris

3. Semitendinosus

4. Adductor magnus

10 / 40

10.

Which clinical condition describes tearing near the ischial tuberosity due to sudden hip flexion with knee extension?

1. Quadriceps tendinitis

2. Hamstring avulsion

3. Iliotibial syndrome

4. Patellar tracking disorder

11 / 40

11.

Which muscle lies superficial to semimembranosus?

1. Biceps femoris

2. Adductor longus

3. Semitendinosus

4. Sartorius

12 / 40

12.

Which sport shows the highest rate of hamstring strain injuries?

1. Soccer

2. Swimming

3. Basketball

4. Cycling

13 / 40

13.

Which portion of the hamstring group is most frequently injured?

1. Biceps femoris (long head)

2. Semimembranosus

3. Biceps femoris (short head)

4. Semitendinosus

14 / 40

14.

What role do hamstrings play in deadlifts?

1. Adduct the legs

2. Flex the spine

3. Extend the hips

4. Stabilize the knees only

15 / 40

15.

Which action occurs when both hamstrings contract bilaterally?

1. Pelvic posterior tilt

2. Pelvic anterior tilt

3. Knee extension

4. Hip abduction

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16.

Which hamstring muscle contributes a tendon to the pes anserinus?

1. Biceps femoris

2. Adductor magnus

3. Semimembranosus

4. Semitendinosus

17 / 40

17.

Which hamstring muscle inserts on the medial surface of the tibia?

1. Semitendinosus

2. Semimembranosus

3. Biceps femoris

4. Both A and C

18 / 40

18.

Which exercise best activates the hamstrings and glutes together?

1. Leg extensions

2. Leg curls

3. Step-ups

4. Deadlifts

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19.

Which hamstring muscle helps medially rotate the leg when the knee is flexed?

1. Vastus medialis

2. Semitendinosus

3. Rectus femoris

4. Biceps femoris

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20.

Which hamstring lies deepest near the knee joint?

1. Semitendinosus

2. Biceps femoris

3. Semimembranosus

4. Adductor longus

21 / 40

21.

Which exercise strengthens the hamstrings the most?

1. Hip abduction

2. Leg extension

3. Romanian deadlift

4. Calf raise

22 / 40

22.

Which hamstring muscle has the broadest origin?

1. Biceps femoris

2. Gracilis

3. Semimembranosus

4. Semitendinosus

23 / 40

23.

What happens if the sciatic nerve is injured?

1. Weak hip extension and knee flexion

2. Loss of knee extension

3. Foot drop only

4. Weak hip abduction

24 / 40

24.

Which artery primarily supplies blood to the hamstring muscles?

1. Profunda femoris artery

2. Femoral artery

3. Popliteal artery

4. Obturator artery

25 / 40

25.

Which muscles make up the hamstring group?

1. Vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius

2. Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

3. Gluteus maximus, minimus, medius

4. Rectus femoris, sartorius, gracilis

26 / 40

26.

Which stretch best isolates hamstring flexibility?

1. Seated forward fold

2. Hip flexor stretch

3. Quad stretch

4. Side lunge

27 / 40

27.

Which movement do the hamstrings perform at the knee joint?

1. Flexion

2. Rotation

3. Extension

4. Abduction

28 / 40

28.

Which hamstring muscle has two heads?

1. Gracilis

2. Biceps femoris

3. Semimembranosus

4. Semitendinosus

29 / 40

29.

During a standing toe-touch, the hamstrings act how?

1. Isometrically contract

2. Eccentrically lengthen

3. Concentrically shorten

4. Relax completely

30 / 40

30.

Which muscle forms the lateral border of the popliteal fossa?

1. Adductor magnus

2. Biceps femoris

3. Semitendinosus

4. Semimembranosus

31 / 40

31.

Which movement do the hamstrings primarily perform at the hip joint?

1. Abduction

2. Flexion

3. Adduction

4. Extension

32 / 40

32.

Which hamstring muscle is most medial and broad?

1. Adductor magnus

2. Biceps femoris

3. Semimembranosus

4. Semitendinosus

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33.

Which connective tissue separates the posterior thigh from the adductor compartment?

1. Iliotibial band

2. Medial intermuscular septum

3. Lateral intermuscular septum

4. Crural fascia

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34.

Which head of biceps femoris is not considered a “true hamstring”?

1. Short head

2. Long head

3. Neither head

4. Both heads

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35.

What joint actions are performed when you bend forward from the hips while keeping your knees straight?

1. Hip flexion, knee extension

2. Hip abduction, knee rotation

3. Hip extension, knee flexion

4. Hip flexion, knee flexion

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36.

Which muscle assists in decelerating the leg during walking swing phase?

1. Rectus femoris

2. Gluteus medius

3. Adductor magnus

4. Biceps femoris

37 / 40

37.

What type of injury commonly affects the hamstrings in sprinters?

1. Tendinitis

2. Bursitis

3. Fracture

4. Strain or tear

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38.

Where do all hamstring muscles originate?

1. Linea aspera

2. Greater trochanter

3. Iliac crest

4. Ischial tuberosity

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39.

Which test is commonly used to check hamstring tightness?

1. Thomas test

2. Ober’s test

3. Lachman test

4. Straight leg raise test

40 / 40

40.

Which nerve supplies the hamstring muscles?

1. Pudendal nerve

2. Obturator nerve

3. Femoral nerve

4. Sciatic nerve

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Medial Thigh Muscle Anatomy

Gracilis

The gracilis muscle is a thin, long muscle found on the inner side of your thigh. It starts from the inner part of the ischiopubic ramus and pubic bones, forming a rounded tendon in the thigh’s lower third. This tendon moves downward.[8]

Its main job is to pull your thigh toward the center of your body and to bend your knee. It also helps keep your knee steady during movement.[8]

Doctors sometimes use the gracilis muscle in surgery to fix torn ligaments by taking it from one place and moving it to another.[8]

Pectineus

The pectineus is a flat muscle in the upper inner part of your front thigh. It is unique because it belongs to the thigh muscles’ front and inner compartments.[9]

Along with other muscles, it helps bring your thigh closer to your body, a movement called adduction. But it also helps with bending your thigh and rotating it outwards and inwards.[9]

This muscle helps you move your thigh and stabilize your pelvis while walking. So, it is not just about moving your leg but also about keeping your body balanced.[9]

Adductor Longus

The adductor longus is a big, fan-shaped muscle in the inner thigh. It is part of a team of muscles that help bring the thigh toward the body’s midline. This muscle gets its commands from a nerve in the lower spine.[10]

It is thought that these muscles developed from both straightening and bending movements. The adductor longus is shaped like a triangle and sits in a specific thigh area.[10]

Starting from the front of the pubic bone, below the pubic ridge, and to the side of the pubic joint, it attaches to the middle part of a bony ridge called the linea aspera. This spot is between where another muscle attaches and where a thigh muscle starts.[10]

Adductor Brevis

The adductor brevis is a flat, triangle-shaped muscle found inside your thigh. It helps with movements like pulling your thigh toward the center of your body. It also plays a role in hip flexion, rotation, and stabilizing your pelvis when standing or walking.[11]

The adductor brevis starts from the front of your pubic bone and part of the side of your pelvis. Then, it widens out as it goes down toward your thigh bone (femur). It attaches to a wide area on the upper part of the inside of your thigh bone.[11]

Although it is one of the shortest muscles in its group, it is not the strongest when pulling your thigh toward your body.[11]

Adductor Magnus

The adductor magnus muscle is a big triangle in your leg. It starts at your hip bone and goes down to the back of your thigh bone.[11]

It is in two compartments in your leg, so it gets two nerves to control it. Even though it is in the back and inside your thigh, we call it a muscle of the inside part.[11]

This muscle is the biggest and strongest in the inside part of your thigh. It works with four other muscles there, adductor longus, adductor brevis, pectineus, and gracilis.[11]

Together, they are called thigh adductors, even though they do more than bring your thigh in.[11]

Besides pulling your thigh in, these muscles help with bending and straightening your thigh, twisting it in and out, and keeping your pelvis steady when you walk.[11]

Obturator externus

The obturator externus muscle is like a flat triangle in the hip area. It helps move your leg in different ways. When your hip is straight, it turns your leg outward.[12]

But when your hip is bent, it moves your leg to the side. This muscle, along with others nearby, keeps your hip joint stable.[12]

This muscle is like a triangle with a wide base and a narrow top. It starts from the side of your pelvis and the bony ring around the hole in it.[12]

Then, its fibers come together into a strong tendon. This tendon runs along the bottom edge of your hip socket, then goes up and out on the back side of the upper leg bone, attaching near the top of the thigh bone.[12]

• How to do Thigh stretch?
• Thigh muscle features in female patients with severe knee osteoarthritis

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Thigh Muscles Anatomy

Medial Thigh Muscles

Start the Quiz on the Medial Thigh Muscles Anatomy.

1 / 40

1.

Which muscle of the medial thigh also assists in external rotation of the hip?

1. Pectineus

2. Adductor longus

3. Gracilis

4. Adductor brevis

2 / 40

2.

Which movement do the adductors primarily perform?

1. Hip extension

2. Knee flexion

3. Hip adduction

4. Hip flexion

3 / 40

3.

Which medial thigh muscle assists in stabilizing the pelvis during gait?

1. Pectineus

2. Adductor magnus

3. Adductor longus

4. Gracilis

4 / 40

4.

Which adductor muscle has both an adductor and hamstring portion?

1. Adductor brevis

2. Pectineus

3. Adductor magnus

4. Adductor longus

5 / 40

5.

Which adductor is the largest and most powerful?

1. Adductor longus

2. Adductor brevis

3. Adductor magnus

4. Gracilis

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6.

Which adductor muscle’s tendon can be felt near the pubic bone during resisted hip adduction?

1. Adductor brevis

2. Adductor magnus

3. Adductor longus

4. Pectineus

7 / 40

7.

Which muscles make up the primary adductor group of the thigh?

1. Pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis

2. Quadriceps femoris group

3. Tensor fasciae latae and sartorius

4. Gluteals and hamstrings

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8.

Which nerve primarily innervates the medial thigh muscles?

1. Femoral nerve

2. Obturator nerve

3. Peroneal nerve

4. Sciatic nerve

9 / 40

9.

Which nerve passes through the obturator canal to enter the medial thigh?

1. Tibial nerve

2. Obturator nerve

3. Femoral nerve

4. Sciatic nerve

10 / 40

10.

Which adductor muscle can compress the obturator nerve if hypertrophied?

1. Adductor brevis

2. Gracilis

3. Pectineus

4. Adductor magnus

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11.

Which adductor muscle originates most posteriorly on the ischium?

1. Adductor longus

2. Gracilis

3. Adductor magnus

4. Adductor brevis

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12.

Which movement would stretch the adductor longus most effectively?

1. Hip flexion and internal rotation

2. Hip extension and adduction

3. Hip abduction and extension

4. Knee flexion only

13 / 40

13.

Which muscle originates from the inferior pubic ramus and inserts on the linea aspera?

1. Adductor longus

2. Gracilis

3. Adductor brevis

4. Pectineus

14 / 40

14.

Which exercise best strengthens the adductor group?

1. Squat

2. Leg press

3. Hamstring curl

4. Side-lying leg adduction

15 / 40

15.

Which small, flat muscle covers the external surface of the obturator foramen?

1. Obturator internus

2. Obturator externus

3. Pectineus

4. Adductor brevis

16 / 40

16.

Which muscle lies between adductor longus and adductor magnus?

1. Obturator externus

2. Adductor brevis

3. Pectineus

4. Gracilis

17 / 40

17.

Which muscle forms part of the pes anserinus tendon group?

1. Adductor longus

2. Adductor magnus

3. Pectineus

4. Gracilis

18 / 40

18.

Which muscle helps bring the legs together from a split position?

1. Adductor brevis

2. Adductor magnus

3. All of the above

4. Adductor longus

19 / 40

19.

What is a common injury in soccer players affecting the medial thigh?

1. IT band syndrom

2. Hamstring tear

3. Quad strain

4. Adductor strain (“groin pull”)

20 / 40

20.

A tear at the adductor longus tendon near its pubic attachment is known as:

1. IT band syndrome

2. Iliopsoas tendinitis

3. Hamstring strain

4. Groin pull

21 / 40

21.

Which adductor muscle’s weakness may cause instability during lateral movements in sports?

1. Gracilis

2. Adductor longus

3. Adductor brevis

4. Adductor magnus

22 / 40

22.

Which adductor muscle forms part of the floor of the femoral triangle?

1. Pectineus

2. Gracilis

3. Adductor longus

4. Adductor magnus

23 / 40

23.

Which muscle assists the hamstrings in hip extension during climbing?

1. Pectineus

2. Adductor longus

3. Gracilis

4. Adductor magnus (hamstring part)

24 / 40

24.

Which muscle forms the medial border of the femoral triangle?

1. Pectineus

2. Adductor longus

3. Gracilis

4. Sartorius

25 / 40

25.

Which muscle is frequently tight in cyclists and can cause medial thigh discomfort?

1. Adductor magnus

2. Gracilis

3. Adductor brevis

4. Adductor longus

26 / 40

26.

Which muscle is the most superficial adductor?

1. Adductor magnus

2. Adductor longus

3. Adductor brevis

4. Gracilis

27 / 40

27.

Which muscle runs most medially along the thigh and helps stabilize the knee medially?

1. Gracilis

2. Pectineus

3. Adductor magnus

4. Adductor brevis

28 / 40

28.

Which medial thigh muscle originates from the pubis and inserts below the lesser trochanter of the femur?

1. Gracilis

2. Pectineus

3. Adductor brevis

4. Adductor magnus

29 / 40

29.

Which medial thigh muscle also assists in hip flexion?

1. Pectineus

2. Adductor magnus

3. Gracilis

4. Adductor longus

30 / 40

30. Which medial thigh muscle crosses both the hip and knee joints?

1. Adductor longus

2. Pectineus

3. Gracilis

4. Adductor magnus

31 / 40

31.

Which muscle is often tight in people with “knock-knees” (valgus knees)?

1. Tensor fasciae latae

2. Adductor magnus

3. Gracilis

4. Adductor longus

32 / 40

32.

Which muscle stabilizes the pelvis when standing on one leg?

1. Adductor magnus

2. Gracilis

3. Adductor longus

4. Pectineus

33 / 40

33.

Which muscle of the medial thigh is innervated by both the obturator and femoral nerves?

1. Pectineus

2. Gracilis

3. Adductor magnus

4. Adductor longus

34 / 40

34.

Pain radiating to the inner thigh and knee might indicate irritation of which nerve?

1. Tibial nerve

2. Femoral nerve

3. Obturator nerve

4. Sciatic nerve

35 / 40

35.

Which adductor acts as both a hip adductor and medial rotator?

1. Adductor longus

2. Adductor magnus

3. Gracilis

4. Adductor brevis

36 / 40

36.

Which muscle assists the adductors during horseback riding or squeezing movements?

1. All of the above

2. Adductor magnus

3. Adductor longus

4. Gracilis

37 / 40

37.

What is the main function of the obturator nerve?

1. Flexes the hip

2. Adducts the thigh

3. Abducts the thigh

4. Extends the knee

38 / 40

38.

Which artery supplies the medial thigh compartment?

1. Deep circumflex iliac artery

2. Popliteal artery

3. Obturator artery

4. Femoral artery

39 / 40

39.

Which adductor muscle forms a gap through which the femoral vessels pass into the popliteal fossa?

1. Adductor magnus

2. Adductor longus

3. Adductor brevis

4. Gracilis

40 / 40

40.

Which muscle helps in medial rotation of the thigh during walking?

1. Adductor magnus

2. Pectineus

3. Adductor brevis

4. Gracilis

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Femur

Proximal Head

The femur, or thigh bone, has important features at its top end. The rounded part at the top is the femoral head, which fits into the hip socket. The neck of the femur connects the head to the shaft and has different widths along its length.[13]

The angle between the neck and shaft of the femur is important for movement and differs between individuals and genders. The neck also has a twist to it. The top of the neck is almost flat, while the bottom slopes down and out towards the leg.[13]

There is a curved groove on the back of the neck; on the front, it is flat and connects to the rest of the femur. There are two bony bumps at the top of the femur, the greater trochanter on the side and the lesser trochanter towards the back.[13]

These bumps are connected by lines on the front and back of the femur. The front line is called the intertrochanteric line, and the back is the intertrochanteric crest. They help muscles and ligaments attach to the femur.[13]

So, the femur’s top part has important structures like the head, neck, trochanters, and lines that help with movement and stability.[13]

Shaft

The femur, or thigh bone, is shaped like a cylinder but varies in size and shape from person to person. It is wider at the top and narrows towards the middle before expanding again near the bottom. The front is smooth, while the back is rough to help muscles attach.[13]

Three main surfaces and borders are in the middle of the femur. The front is curved and has two rounded edges. Towards the back are two more surfaces, one on each side, divided by a ridge called the “linea aspera.” This ridge starts near the top and runs down the back of the femur.[13]

At the top of the back of the femur, there is a bumpy area called the “gluteal tuberosity” and a smaller ridge called the “pectineal line” towards the inside.[13]

The linea aspera splits into two lines towards the bottom of the femur, with one going towards the inside and one towards the outside. These lines help muscles attach and continue down to the knee area.[13]

The back of the femur near the knee forms a triangle called the “popliteal surface,” which helps make up the bottom of the popliteal fossa, the space behind the knee.[13]

Distal End

The distal femur is the widest part of the thigh bone and connects with the knee and patella. It has two main parts: the medial and lateral condyles. The medial one is smaller but more noticeable, sticking out slightly and causing the knee to bulge inward.[13]

It has a bump called the adductor tubercle, where muscles attach. Below it is the medial epicondyle, where more muscles and ligaments attach.[13]

The lateral condyle is larger and has a groove for the popliteal tendon. Three muscles attach to its back and connect to ligaments and the fibula bone. The space between the condyles is the intercondylar fossa, which has indentations for crucial ligaments.[13]

The patellar surface is on the front of the distal femur, which helps stabilize the kneecap. It is slightly tilted to the side.[13]

• What is Femur Shaft Fracture (Broken Thighbone) & their Types?
• How to do Femur fracture repair?
• All you need to know about Femur X-Ray.

Conclusion

Learning thigh anatomy is essential for various reasons. It helps medical professionals diagnose and treat injuries, ensuring the precision of effective physical therapy and surgery.[1]

Knowledge of thigh anatomy also helps athletes and fitness enthusiasts to improve performance and prevent injuries.[1]

Additionally, a clear understanding of thigh muscle and bone structures reduces the risk of strain in daily activities.[1]

Knowing about thigh anatomy promotes better health, enhances physical capabilities, and contributes to effective medical care.[1]

FAQ’s

References-

• Launico M, Sinkler M, Nallamothu S. Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb: Femoral Muscles. StatPearls. 2025. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500008/ — PMID: 29763184
• Walters B, Varacallo M. Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb: Thigh Sartorius Muscle. StatPearls. 2025. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532889/ — PMID: 30335342
• Murdock C, Mudreac A, Agyeman K. Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis: Rectus Femoris Muscle. StatPearls. 2025. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539897/ — PMID: 30725901
• Bordoni B, Varacallo M. Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb: Thigh Quadriceps Muscle. StatPearls. 2025. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513334/ — PMID: 30020699
• Biondi N, Varacallo M. Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb: Vastus Lateralis Muscle. StatPearls. 2025. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532309/ — PMID: 30335341
• Vaughn J, Cohen-Levy W. Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb: Posterior Thigh Muscles. StatPearls. 2025. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542215/ — PMID: 31082095
• Mathew K, Pillarisetty LS. Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb: Thigh Semitendinosus Muscle. StatPearls. 2025. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539862/ — PMID: 30725900
• Khan I, Bordoni B, Varacallo M. Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb: Thigh Gracilis Muscle. StatPearls. 2025. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538229/ — PMID: 30860724
• Khan A, Arain A. Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb: Anterior Thigh Muscles. StatPearls. 2025. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538425/ — PMID: 30860723
• StatPearls Publishing. Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb: Tensor Fasciae Latae Muscle. 2023. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534775/
• Jeno S, Launico M, Schindler G. Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb: Thigh Adductor Magnus Muscle. StatPearls. 2025. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534842/ — PMID: 30725700
• Gudena R, et al. The anatomy and function of the obturator externus. Hip Int. 2015;25(5):424–427. doi:10.5301/hipint.5000249. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25952918/ — PMID: 25952918
• Chang A, Breeland G, Black A, Hubbard J. Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb: Femur. StatPearls. 2025. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532982/ — PMID: 30335349
• Kiel J, Kaiser K. Adductor Strain. StatPearls. 2025. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493166/ — PMID: 29630218

Read More-

Lower Limb

• Hip Bone Anatomy – Complete Guide with Parts, Names, Functions & Diagram
• Complete Guide on Leg Anatomy with Parts, Functions & Diagram
• Knee Anatomy: Complete Guide to Parts, Names, Functions & Diagram
• Femur Anatomy: Complete Guide with Parts, Names, Functions & Diagram
• Hip Muscle Anatomy – Complete Guide with Parts, Names, Functions & Diagram

Upper Limb

• Complete Guide to Finger Anatomy with Parts, Names, Functions & Diagram
• Complete Guide to Forearm Anatomy: Parts, Names, Functions & Diagram
• Comprehensive Guide to Arm Anatomy: Parts, Names & Diagram
• Comprehensive Guide to Hand Anatomy: Parts, Functions & Diagram
• Ultimate Guide to Bicep Anatomy: Parts, Names, Functions & Diagram
• Shoulder Anatomy: Ultimate Guide to Parts, Names, Functions & Diagram
• Wrist Anatomy: Ultimate Guide to Parts, Names, Functions & Diagram
• Complete Guide to Nail Anatomy with all Parts, Names & Diagrams

External Sources-

• Wikipedia
• KenHub
• Optometrists
• Cleveland Clinic
• American Academy of Ophthalmology

Official websites of the United States government.

• How to do Thigh stretch?
• Thigh muscle features in female patients with severe knee osteoarthritis

Medical Disclaimer

All content on HumanBodyPartsAnatomy.com is educational and based on verified, peer-reviewed medical sources. Articles are authored or reviewed by qualified medical or biomedical professionals to ensure accuracy.

This website does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a licensed healthcare professional for personal medical guidance.

No commercial or promotional interests influence the medical content published on this site.